Joint Development - Temporomandibular Joint
Embryology - 23 May 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a bilateral synovial articulation between the ends of the mandible (lower jaw) and temporal bone, part of the skull. Both mastication and facial muscles are attached to the lower jaw. The earliest review of human embryonic and fetal TMJ development is by Symons in 1952.[1]
In the adult, the region where two skeletal bones meet and articulate is called a "joint", that are classified based upon their: anatomical structure, mobility and shape. In the embryo, the majority of the vertebrate skeleton is initially formed as a cartilage template, that is later replaced by bone except at the interface between two adjacent bones, leaving in the adult a layer of cartilage in this region. The musculoskeletal system consists of skeletal muscle, bone, and cartilage and is mainly mesoderm in origin with some neural crest contribution.
Joint Links: joint | synovial joint | temporomandibular joint | musculoskeletal | cartilage | Category:Joint | ||
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Historic Embryology:
- Symons NB. The development of the human mandibular joint. (1952) J Anat. 86(3):326-32. PMID 12980883
- Whillis J. The development of synovial joints. (1940) J Anat. 74(Pt 2): 277-283. PMID: 17104813
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Temporomandibular Joint Development <pubmed limit=5>Temporomandibular Joint Development</pubmed> |
Older papers |
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Fetal Development
These images are from a recent article on fetal human TMJ development.[4] Weeks are GA.
Week 10 Human fetus (55 mm GL) |
Week 12 Human fetus (95 mm GL) |
Week 14 Human fetus (125 mm GL) |
Week 18 Human fetus (175 mm GL). |
Week 28 Human fetus (233 mm GL). |
Week 32 Human fetus (300 mm GL) |
Joint Types
Classification
- Fibrous (synarthrodial) - immoveable joints found in cranial vault and teeth
- Cartilagenous (synchondroses and sympheses) - partially moveable joints
- Synovial (diarthrosis) - freely moveable joints are the most common found in the skeleton
Movement
- Hinge - (elbow and knee) Flexion/Extension
- Pivot - (neck, atlas and axis bones) Rotation of one bone around another
- Ball and Socket - (shoulder and hip)
- Saddle - (thumb)
- Condyloid - (wrist joints)
- Gliding - (intercarpal joints) Gliding movements
Molecular
Indian Hedgehog (IHH)
- Human cytogenetic location - 2q35
- 336 amino acid protein.
- Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and IHH N-terminals share 91.4% identity, C-terminal halves significantly different.
- expressed in the prehypertrophic chondrocytes of cartilage elements.
- Links: Sonic hedgehog | OMIM IHH
Short Stature Homeobox 2 (SHOX2)
- Human cytogenetic location - 3q25.32
Links: OMIM SHOX2
Temporomandibular Abnormalities
Historic
1910 - Tempomandibular Joint[5]
This joint is developed between the membrane which covers the condyle of the mandible and the periosteum of the squamosum. In the loose tissue between the two a condensation marks the beginning of the differentiation of the discus articularis. On each side of this discus a joint cavity develops. Each joint cavity is throughout life lined by fibrous tissue. Beneath the joint periosteum of the mandible and of the temporal bone a thin layer of cartilage is produced (see Kjellberg, 1904).
- according to Walliseh (1906), in the new-bom the tubereulum articulare is still undeveloped and the condyle is flatter than in the adult. The condyle reaches its definitive form and the tubereulum is developed after the teeth appear.
- according to Fuebs (1905), tbe temparomandibular joint in rabbits, and hence by inference in other mammals, is homologous with the quadra to-articular joint of reptiles. As mentioned above, following Reiehert, most investigators have come to the conclusion that the reptilian quadra to-articular joint is represented in mammals by tbe joint between the malleus and incus, while the temporomandibular joint of mammals is phylogenetieally a new structure, a squamosodental joint. (See Gaupp, 1906.)
References
- ↑ SYMONS NB. (1952). The development of the human mandibular joint. J. Anat. , 86, 326-32. PMID: 12980883
- ↑ Almeida FT, Major P, Jaremko JL, Le LH, Flores-Mir C & Pachêco-Pereira C. (2018). Diagnostic ultrasound assessment of temporomandibular joints: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dentomaxillofac Radiol , , 20180144. PMID: 30285469 DOI.
- ↑ Li X, Liang W, Ye H, Weng X, Liu F, Lin P & Liu X. (2015). Overexpression of Indian hedgehog partially rescues short stature homeobox 2-overexpression-associated congenital dysplasia of the temporomandibular joint in mice. Mol Med Rep , 12, 4157-64. PMID: 26096903 DOI.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Alvez CS, Carvalho de Moraes LO, Marques SR, Tedesco RC, Harb LJ, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Mérida-Velasco JR & Alonso LG. (2014). Analysis by Light, Scanning, and Transmission Microscopy of the Intima Synovial of the Temporomandibular Joint of Human Fetuses during the Development. Anat Res Int , 2014, 732720. PMID: 24527214 DOI.
- ↑ Bardeen CR. XI. Development of the Skeleton and of the Connective Tissues in Keibel F. and Mall FP. Manual of Human Embryology I. (1910) J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia.
Online Textbooks
Developmental Biology Gilbert, Scott F. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, Inc. ; c2000 Forming the joints
Reviews
Kaneyama K, Segami N & Hatta T. (2008). Congenital deformities and developmental abnormalities of the mandibular condyle in the temporomandibular joint. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) , 48, 118-25. PMID: 18778456 DOI.
Abramowicz S, Marshall CJ, Dolwick MF & Cohen D. (2007). Vascular malformation of the temporomandibular joint: report of a case and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod , 103, 203-6. PMID: 17234536 DOI.
SYMONS NB. (1952). The development of the human mandibular joint. J. Anat. , 86, 326-32. PMID: 12980883
Articles
Mérida-Velasco JR, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Mérida-Velasco JA, Sánchez-Montesinos I, Espín-Ferra J & Jiménez-Collado J. (1999). Development of the human temporomandibular joint. Anat. Rec. , 255, 20-33. PMID: 10321990
Perry HT, Xu Y & Forbes DP. (1985). The embryology of the temporomandibular joint. Cranio , 3, 125-32. PMID: 3855934
Search PubMed
Search Pubmed: Temporomandibular Joint Development
Additional Images
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 23) Embryology Joint Development - Temporomandibular Joint. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Joint_Development_-_Temporomandibular_Joint
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G