Talk:BGDA Practical - Fertilization to Implantation

2019

BGDA Practical - Fertilization to Implantation Interactive

Oogenesis Interactive Component

Attempt the Quiz - Oogenesis and Ovulation

Here are a few simple Quiz questions that relate to Oogenesis and Ovulation from the lecture and practical. See your Quiz Result - Answer all the questions, then click "submit" to complete. The page will reload and you can then reopen this table to see your result and feedback. 1 Oogonia divide by mitosis During the fetal period. After birth. After puberty. During the reproductive period. All of the above. 2 Oocytes in follicles enter prophase 1 of meiosis and are arrested at the diplotene stage. Which of the following block the further stages of mitosis? follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) leutenising hormone (LH) cyclic AMP (cAMP) secreted by follicles androgens Oestrogens 3 Which of the following is the most correct sequence of ovarian follicle development classifications. Preovulatory, Secondary, Primary, Primordial Graafian, Primary, Small antral, large antral Primordial, Primary, Secondary, Preovulatory Primary, Secondary, Preovulatory None of the above 4 Follicle development involves only growth of supporting cells not the oocyte. true false

Gametogenesis Interactive Component

Attempt the Quiz - Gametogenesis

Here are a few simple Quiz questions that relate to Gametogenesis from the lecture and practical. See your Quiz Result - Answer all the questions, then click "submit" to complete. The page will reload and you can then reopen this table to see your result and feedback. Point added for a correct answer:    Points for an incorrect answer: Ignore the questions' coefficients: 1 During Prophase I of meiosis: Reduction of the number of chromosomes occurs random recombination of hereditary material (DNA) occurs already duplicated DNA is separated nondisjunction of the chromosomes could occur All of the above. 2 In meiosis, the composition of chromatid is changed during: prophase I metaphase I anaphase I anaphase II prophase II 3 In a dividing cell, the replication of DNA occurs during: interphase prophase metaphase anaphase telophase 4 Which of the following would be the most common karyotype for Turner's Syndrome: 44,XX 45,X 44,XY 47,XXY 46,XX

Fertilization Interactive Component

Attempt the Quiz - Fertilization

Here are a few simple Quiz questions that relate to Fertilization from the lecture and practical. See your Quiz Result - Answer all the questions, then click "submit" to complete. The page will reload and you can then reopen this table to see your result and feedback. Point added for a correct answer:    Points for an incorrect answer: Ignore the questions' coefficients: 1 At fertilisation: male and female pronuclei complete their meiotic division male and female pronuclei enter interphase cyclic AMP (cAMP) is secreted by the zygote to block polyspermy the zona pellucida is discarded All of the above. 2 All of the following are essential for successful fertilization except: capacitation of the sperm transport of the sperm through the female genital tract transport of the zygote to the uterine cavity separation of the sperm from semen bidirectional movements of gametes in the uterine tube 3 Fertilization commences when a spermatozoon makes contact with an oocyte and ends: with the intermingling of maternal and paternal chromosomes at metaphase of the first cleavage division when the spermatozoon is completely taken into the ootid when the spermatozoa penetrates the zona pellucida with the formation of the second polar body all of the above 4 Transport of sperm through the cervix is assisted by all of the following except: capacitation of the sperm the time of the female cycle properties of the cervical mucus contractile activity of the uterus pH 5 Select the correct options below that refer to the maternal contributions to the zygote: mitochondria nucleolus one centriole Y chromosome polar bodies

Early Cell Division Interactive Component

Attempt the Quiz - Early Cell Division

Here are a few simple Quiz questions that relate to Early Cell Division from the lecture and practical. See your Quiz Result - Answer all the questions, then click "submit" to complete. The page will reload and you can then reopen this table to see your result and feedback. Point added for a correct answer:    Points for an incorrect answer: Ignore the questions' coefficients: 1 The zona pellucida is present around: a primary oocyte a secondary oocyte the morula an early blastocyst all of the above 2 Which of the following is the correct sequence during the first week of development: zygote, blastocyst, blastomeres, morula zygote, morula, blastocyst, blastomeres zygote, blastomeres, morula, blastocyst zygote, morula, blastomeres, blastocyst none of the above 3 Which part of the morula is the region with the most rapidly dividing cells: the inner cell mass the trophectoderm the apical polar region the outer cells the inner cells 4 Which cellular part of the blastocyst is mainly involved with the zona pellucida "hatching" process: the inner cell mass the trophectoderm the embryoblast the blastocoel none of the above

Interactive Component

Attempt the Quiz - Implantation

Here are a few simple Quiz questions that relate to Implantation from the lecture and practical. See your Quiz Result - Answer all the questions, then click "submit" to complete. The page will reload and you can then reopen this table to see your result and feedback. Point added for a correct answer:    Points for an incorrect answer: Ignore the questions' coefficients: 1 Which of the following is essential for successful implanatation? a decidual reaction transport of the blastocyst to the uterine cavity at the right time removal of the zona pellucida just before attachment of the blastocyst release of Prostaglandin E2 by the endometrial stroma all of the above are needed 2 Diagnostic tests for pregnancy are based mainly on: levels of oestrogens levels of progesterone levels of thyroxin secretion of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) secretion of human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) 3 During implantation of the blastocyst: usually implants in the posterior wall of the uterus release substances that cause local changes in the endometrial tissue attaches itself to the endometrium at its embryonic pole implantation can occur anywhere within the uterus or uterine tube all the above are correct 4 Implantation normally takes place in the: cervical region two-thirds lateral uterine tube body of the uterus, most frequently on the anterior wall body of the uterus, on the posterior wall peritoneal cavity

Week 2 Interactive Component

Attempt the Quiz - Week 2

Here are a few simple Quiz questions that relate to Week 2 from the lecture and practical. See your Quiz Result - Answer all the questions, then click "submit" to complete. The page will reload and you can then reopen this table to see your result and feedback. Point added for a correct answer:    Points for an incorrect answer: Ignore the questions' coefficients: 1 The decidua that takes part in the formation of the maternal component of the placenta is: the decidua basalis the decidua capsularis the decidua parietalis the villous chorion the smooth chorion 2 The usual site of ectopic pregnancy is the: abdominal cavity uterine tube ovary cervix of the uterus external surface of the uterus 3 Which of the following statements is most correct: A partial hydatidiform mole is a conceptus with only paternal chromosomes. A complete hydatidiform mole is a conceptus with only paternal chromosomes. Triploidy is generated by an oocyte not completing meiosis and then fertilised by one sperm. Hydatidiform moles are easily identified as they do not produce hCG. Hydatidiform moles cannot be identified by ultrasound and require other diagnostic tests. 4 Which of the following statements about week two (GA week 4) of development are incorrect: This is the period of implantation into the wall of the uterus. Pregnancy from blastocyst hatching after this week occur in 50% of births. Implantation during this week can occur anywhere within the uterus body. hCG from trophoblast cells enters the maternal blood stream through uterine blood vessels. The inner cell mass now differentiates into two distinct cellular layers. Practical 6: Week 3 | Week 4 | Week 5 | Week 6 | Week 7 | Week 8 [[Week 2|Fertilization Age Week 2 (GA week 4) detailed notes (not part of practical)]]

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Extraembryonic Spaces Interactive Component

Attempt the Quiz - Extraembryonic Space

Here are a few simple Quiz questions that relate to Extraembryonic Spaces from the lecture and practical. See your Quiz Result - Answer all the questions, then click "submit" to complete. The page will reload and you can then reopen this table to see your result and feedback. Point added for a correct answer:    Points for an incorrect answer: Ignore the questions' coefficients: 1 The extra-embryonic coelomic spaces are the: blastocoel, previtelline space and villous chorion decidua parietalis, decidua basalis and decidua capsularis pericardial, pleural and peritoneal smooth chorion, villous chorion and amnion amnion, chorion and yolk sac 2 The trophoblast differentiate to form part of the: epiblast hypoblast chorion outer cell mass none of the above 3 The yolk sac proper: is limited by the exocoelomic membrane is formed by separation of the cytotrophoblastic layers disappears after the third week is lined by endodermal cells none of the above 4 Which of the following spaces can be sampled as a prenatal diagnostic test: chorionic space amniotic space allantoic space chorionic villi space peritoneal space none of the above

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Aim

Understand key events in human development from gametogenesis, to fertilization and implantation.

Key Concepts

Gonad, gametogenesis, ovary, oocyte, sperm, meiosis/mitosis, follicle, ovulation, zona pellucida, polar bodies, hormonal changes, mechanism of fertilization, post-fertilization changes, corpus luteum, zygote, morula, blastocyst, zona pellucida, embryoblast, trophoblast, ectopic implantation, abnormalities.

Key Reading

1. Schoenwolf, G.C., Bleyl, S.B., Brauer, P.R. and Francis-West, P.H. (2009). Chapter 1, 2, and 3 in Larsen’s Human Embryology (4th ed.). New York; Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone..
2. Moore, K.L. & Persuad, T.V.N. (2008). Chapter 1 and 2 in The Developing Human: clinically oriented embryology (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders.

Online Resource

http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=BGDA_Practical_-_Fertilization_to_Implantation

Introduction

Fertility and infertility issues are a common clinical topic and a scientific knowledge of this process is vital for your ability to explain key concepts to patients. This is also an area where scientific research is still making great clinical changes in regulating fertility (birth control), infertility (in vitro fertilization) and prenatal diagnosis (invasive/non-invasive testing). Note that fertility, infertility, genetic testing and stem cells are key current ethical and legal topics.

The generation of gametes (haploid) in the ovary (oocyte, egg) and testis (spermatozoa) and their coming together at fertilization (diploid) and the early events that follow are the focus of this practical class.

Fertilization occurs during the normal female menstrual cycle and the first 1 to 2 weeks of development occur without implantation within the uterus and only implantation can stop the menstrual cycle. Fertilization is a highly regulated biological process combining two different genetic backgrounds in a unique new combination with future postnatal health ramifications. Due largely to the timing, birth control, genetic and uterine abnormalities most fertilization events will not continue to develop into an embryo and will be lost. Note also that it is during these first 2 weeks that both embryonic stem cells are available and twinning events can occur.

Implantation of the conceptus leads to maternal and embryonic changes that include the development of a specialized shared organ, the placenta. These topics will be covered in other lectures and practicals. Only abnormal implantation events will be covered in this current practical.

The practical class will work through a series of online materials that cover gametogenesis, fertilization and implantation. The online materials alone are sufficient to cover the topic at this current level, additional content and resources are provided as links on each page. Make sure to construct your own notes and resources during the practical and attempt the linked Quiz when you have finished in your own time.

Notes

1. All events that occur from gametogenesis to implantation cannot be covered in depth in today’s two hours class. All practical material is available online and content is permanently available through the web, as are the additional resources.
2. All timings are only approximate and refer to embryonic days from fertilization (post–fertilization age) and not the clinical measurement from Last Menstrual Period (LMP) or gestational age (GA).
3. Some of the later implantation events will also be revised in the Embryology class (Practical 6) so today mainly focuses on the earlier events.
4. Consider also the maternal changes that occur during this period, that commence after fertilization with implantation (week 2). This will be also covered in the Fetal Membranes class (Practical 8).
5. Other Anatomy classes cover anatomy and histology of the gonads and uterus will been covered in
6. For the new terms introduced in the class use the linked glossary (A - Z found at the bottom of each page) or the search window (at the top of each page).

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Archive

• 2014 https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=BGDA_Practical_-_Fertilization_to_Implantation&oldid=135836

• 2010_BGD_Practical_-_Fertilization_to_Implantation

2010 Practical Audio

BGD Cycle A 2010 Audio - Dr Mark Hill Monday 12th May 2010 12-2pm G2G4. Note - this is a live unedited recording from the practical and may contain errors in either descriptions or content. listen Part 1 | download (356 Kb MP3 2:45)

Developmental Biology

Citation: Developmental Biology, 6th ed., Gilbert, Scott F; Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2000. ISBN-10: 0-87893-243-7 More general development textbook edition is freely available online through NCBI Bookshelf. Early Mammalian Development Snapshot - Summary: Fertilization.In: Chapter 7, Fertilization: Beginning a new organism Snapshot - Summary: The Early Development of Vertebrates.In: Chapter 11, The early development of vertebrates: Fish, birds, and mammals Snapshot - Summary: Paraxial and Intermediate Mesoderm.In: Chapter 14, Paraxial and intermediate mesoderm Snapshot - Summary: Central Nervous System and Epidermis.In: Chapter 12, The central nervous system and the epidermis Snapshot - Summary: Sex Determination.In: Chapter 17, Sex determination Chapter 12 The central nervous system and the epidermis Chapter 14 Paraxial and intermediate mesoderm | Snapshot Snapshots Links: 6th Edition NCBI Bookshelf | 9th Edition Website | 9th Edition Website