File talk:Human anogenital distance.jpg

From Embryology

References

1: Eisenberg ML, Hsieh MH, Walters RC, Krasnow R, Lipshultz LI. The Relationship between Anogenital Distance, Fatherhood, and Fertility in Adult Men. PLoS One. 2011 May 11;6(5):e18973. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21589916; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3092750 .


2: Manno FA 3rd. Measurement of the digit lengths and the anogenital distance in mice. Physiol Behav. 2008 Jan 28;93(1-2):364-8. Epub 2007 Sep 26. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18054055 .


3: Hsieh MH, Breyer BN, Eisenberg ML, Baskin LS. Associations among hypospadias, cryptorchidism, anogenital distance, and endocrine disruption. Curr Urol Rep. 2008 Mar;9(2):137-42. Review. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18419998 .


4: Thankamony A, Ong KK, Dunger DB, Acerini CL, Hughes IA. Anogenital distance from birth to 2 years: a population study. Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Nov;117(11):1786-90. Epub 2009 Jul 13. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20049133; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2801188 .


5: Romano-Riquer SP, Hern√°ndez-Avila M, Gladen BC, Cupul-Uicab LA, Longnecker MP. Reliability and determinants of anogenital distance and penis dimensions in male newborns from Chiapas, Mexico. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2007 May;21(3):219-28. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17439530 .


6: Mendiola J, Stahlhut RW, J√∏rgensen N, Liu F, Swan SH. Shorter Anogenital Distance Predicts Poorer Semen Quality in Young Men in Rochester, New York. Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Mar 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21377950 .


7: McIntyre BS, Barlow NJ, Foster PM. Androgen-mediated development in male rat offspring exposed to flutamide in utero: permanence and correlation of early postnatal changes in anogenital distance and nipple retention with malformations in androgen-dependent tissues. Toxicol Sci. 2001 Aug;62(2):236-49. PubMed

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11452136 .


8: Faber KA, Hughes CL Jr. Anogenital distance at birth as a predictor of volume of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area of the hypothalamus and pituitary responsiveness in castrated adult rats. Biol Reprod. 1992 Jan;46(1):101-4. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1547306 .


9: Swan SH, Main KM, Liu F, Stewart SL, Kruse RL, Calafat AM, Mao CS, Redmon JB, Ternand CL, Sullivan S, Teague JL; Study for Future Families Research Team. Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure. Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Aug;113(8):1056-61. Erratum in: Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep;113(9):A583. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16079079; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1280349 .


10: Salazar-Martinez E, Romano-Riquer P, Yanez-Marquez E, Longnecker MP, Hernandez-Avila M. Anogenital distance in human male and female newborns: a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Environ Health. 2004 Sep 13;3(1):8. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15363098; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC521084 .


11: Hurd PL, Bailey AA, Gongal PA, Yan RH, Greer JJ, Pagliardini S. Intrauterine position effects on anogenital distance and digit ratio in male and female mice. Arch Sex Behav. 2008 Feb;37(1):9-18. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18080736 .


12: Sathyanarayana S, Beard L, Zhou C, Grady R. Measurement and correlates of ano-genital distance in healthy, newborn infants. Int J Androl. 2010 Apr;33(2):317-23. Epub 2010 Jan 4. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20132349; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2943951 .


13: Safarinejad MR, Hosseini SY, Dadkhah F, Asgari MA. Relationship of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids with semen characteristics, and anti-oxidant status of seminal plasma: a comparison between fertile and infertile men. Clin Nutr. 2010 Feb;29(1):100-5. Epub 2009 Aug 8. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19666200 .


14: Longnecker MP, Gladen BC, Cupul-Uicab LA, Romano-Riquer SP, Weber JP, Chapin RE, Hernández-Avila M. In utero exposure to the antiandrogen 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) in relation to anogenital distance in male newborns from Chiapas, México. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 May 1;165(9):1015-22. Epub 2007 Jan 31. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272288; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1852527 .


15: Faber KA, Ayyash L, Dixon S, Hughes CL Jr. Effect of neonatal diethylstilbestrol exposure on volume of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area of the hypothalamus and pituitary responsiveness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in female rats of known anogenital distance at birth. Biol Reprod. 1993 May;48(5):947-51. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8481480 .


16: Matsuura I, Saitoh T, Ashina M, Wako Y, Iwata H, Toyota N, Ishizuka Y, Namiki M, Hoshino N, Tsuchitani M. Evaluation of a two-generation reproduction toxicity study adding endpoints to detect endocrine disrupting activity using vinclozolin. J Toxicol Sci. 2005 Dec;30 Spec No.:163-188. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16641540 .


17: Lilienthal H, Hack A, Roth-Härer A, Grande SW, Talsness CE. Effects of developmental exposure to 2,2 ,4,4 ,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-99) on sex steroids, sexual development, and sexually dimorphic behavior in rats. Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Feb;114(2):194-201. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16451854; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1367831 .


18: Sturgiss EA, Jin F, Martin SJ, Grulich A, Bowden FJ. Prevalence of other sexually transmissible infections in patients with newly diagnosed anogenital warts in a sexual health clinic. Sex Health. 2010 Mar;7(1):55-9. PubMed PMID: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20152097 .


19: Hotchkiss AK, Lambright CS, Ostby JS, Parks-Saldutti L, Vandenbergh JG, Gray LE Jr. Prenatal testosterone exposure permanently masculinizes anogenital distance, nipple development, and reproductive tract morphology in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicol Sci. 2007 Apr;96(2):335-45. Epub 2007 Jan 11. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218470 .


20: Foster PM, McIntyre BS. Endocrine active agents: implications of adverse and non-adverse changes. Toxicol Pathol. 2002 Jan-Feb;30(1):59-65. PubMed PMID: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11892727 .


21: Cocuzza M, Athayde KS, Agarwal A, Sharma R, Pagani R, Lucon AM, Srougi M, Hallak J. Age-related increase of reactive oxygen species in neat semen in healthy fertile men. Urology. 2008 Mar;71(3):490-4. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18342194 .


22: Barzon L, Militello V, Pagni S, Franchin E, Dal Bello F, Mengoli C, Pal√π G. Distribution of human papillomavirus types in the anogenital tract of females and males. J Med Virol. 2010 Aug;82(8):1424-30. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20572068 .


23: Matalliotakis IM, Cakmak H, Fragouli Y, Kourtis A, Arici A, Huszar G. Increased IL-18 levels in seminal plasma of infertile men with genital tract infections. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2006 Jun;55(6):428-33. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16674600 .


24: Levy JR, Faber KA, Ayyash L, Hughes CL Jr. The effect of prenatal exposure to the phytoestrogen genistein on sexual differentiation in rats. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1995 Jan;208(1):60-6. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7892297 .


25: Pierrepoint CG, Jenkins BM, Wilson DW, Phillips MJ, Gow JG. An examination of blood steroid and gonadotropin concentrations in relation to fertility status and testicular function in men. Fertil Steril. 1982 Oct;38(4):465-70. PubMed PMID: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6811340 .


26: Hotchkiss AK, Vandenbergh JG. The anogenital distance index of mice (Mus musculus domesticus): an analysis. Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci. 2005 Jul;44(4):46-8. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16050669 .


27: Palanza P, Parmigiani S, vom Saal FS. Urine marking and maternal aggression of wild female mice in relation to anogenital distance at birth. Physiol Behav. 1995 Nov;58(5):827-35. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8577877 .


28: Gallavan RH Jr, Holson JF, Stump DG, Knapp JF, Reynolds VL. Interpreting the toxicologic significance of alterations in anogenital distance: potential for confounding effects of progeny body weights. Reprod Toxicol. 1999 Sep-Oct;13(5):383-90. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10560587 .


29: Katagiri Y, Neri QV, Takeuchi T, Moy F, Sills ES, Palermo GD. Androgen receptor CAG polymorphism (Xq11-12) status and human spermatogenesis: a prospective analysis of infertile males and their offspring conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Int J Mol Med. 2006 Sep;18(3):405-13. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16865224 .


30: Ophir AG, Delbarco-Trillo J. Anogenital distance predicts female choice and male potency in prairie voles. Physiol Behav. 2007 Oct 22;92(3):533-40. Epub 2007 May 1. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17537467 .


31: Wisniewski AB, Cernetich A, Gearhart JP, Klein SL. Perinatal exposure to genistein alters reproductive development and aggressive behavior in male mice. Physiol Behav. 2005 Feb 15;84(2):327-34. Epub 2005 Jan 12. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15708785 .


32: Shi YC, Sun HM, Shang XJ, Zhu PY, Huang YF. [Total antioxidant capacity of seminal plasma in fertile and infertile men]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2005 Dec;11(12):915-7. Chinese. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16398363 .


33: Matsumoto O, Hamaguchi T, Sinozaki M, Okamoto Y, Fujisawa M, Oka N, Okada H, Hazama M, Kamidono S. [Problems in evaluating male fertility: valuable factors in evaluating male fertility and normal values of seminal parameters]. Hinyokika Kiyo. 1988 Nov;34(11):1959-64. Japanese. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3242370 .


34: Cutler AR, Wilkerson AE, Gingras JL, Levin ED. Prenatal cocaine and/or nicotine exposure in rats: preliminary findings on long-term cognitive outcome and genital development at birth. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1996 Nov-Dec;18(6):635-43. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8947940 .


35: Gyekis J, Anthony K, Foreman JE, Klein LC, Vandenbergh DJ. Perinatal nicotine exposure delays genital development in mice. Reprod Toxicol. 2010 Jun;29(3):378-80. Epub 2010 Jan 18. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20080174 .


36: Mostafa T, Anis T, Imam H, El-Nashar AR, Osman IA. Seminal reactive oxygen species-antioxidant relationship in fertile males with and without varicocele. Andrologia. 2009 Apr;41(2):125-9. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19260850 .


37: Sikora AG, Morris LG, Sturgis EM. Bidirectional association of anogenital and oral cavity/pharyngeal carcinomas in men. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009 Apr;135(4):402-5. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19380365 .


38: Myers GM, Lambert-Messerlian GM, Sigman M. Inhibin B reference data for fertile and infertile men in Northeast America. Fertil Steril. 2009 Dec;92(6):1920-3. Epub 2008 Nov 11. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19006797 .


39: Naz RK, Leslie MH. Immunobiologic implication of RANTES in seminal plasma of fertile, infertile and immunoinfertile men. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2000 Oct;44(4):197-204. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11076090 .


40: Dickerson SM, Cunningham SL, Gore AC. Prenatal PCBs disrupt early neuroendocrine development of the rat hypothalamus. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2011 Apr 1;252(1):36-46. Epub 2011 Jan 26. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21277884; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3060304 .


41: Naz RK, Leslie MH. Sperm surface protein profiles of fertile and infertile men: search for a diagnostic molecular marker. Arch Androl. 1999 Nov-Dec;43(3):173-81. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10624499 .


42: Zini A, Fischer MA, Sharir S, Shayegan B, Phang D, Jarvi K. Prevalence of abnormal sperm DNA denaturation in fertile and infertile men. Urology. 2002 Dec;60(6):1069-72. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12475672 .


43: Handley JM, Maw RD, Lawther H, Horner T, Bharucha H, Dinsmore WW. Human papillomavirus DNA detection in primary anogenital warts and cervical low-grade intraepithelial neoplasias in adults by in situ hybridization. Sex Transm Dis. 1992 Jul-Aug;19(4):225-9. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1329237 .


44: Koçak I, Yenisey C, Dündar M, Okyay P, Serter M. Relationship between seminal plasma interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels with semen parameters in fertile and infertile men. Urol Res. 2002 Sep;30(4):263-7. Epub 2002 Jun 27. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12202945 .


45: Colagar AH, Marzony ET, Chaichi MJ. Zinc levels in seminal plasma are associated with sperm quality in fertile and infertile men. Nutr Res. 2009 Feb;29(2):82-8. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19285597 .


46: Matalliotakis I, Panidis D, Vlassis G, Kalogeropoulos A, Zolindaki A, Koumantakis E. The evaluation of morphological abnormalities of human spermatozoa in fertile and infertile men. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1996 May;66(1):65-8. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8735761 .


47: Matsuura I, Saitoh T, Tani E, Wako Y, Iwata H, Toyota N, Ishizuka Y, Namiki M, Hoshino N, Tsuchitani M, Ikeda Y. Evaluation of a two-generation reproduction toxicity study adding endpoints to detect endocrine disrupting activity using lindane. J Toxicol Sci. 2005 Dec;30 Spec No.:135-161. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16641539 .


48: Khan A, Bellefontaine N, deCatanzaro D. Onset of sexual maturation in female mice as measured in behavior and fertility: Interactions of exposure to males, phytoestrogen content of diet, and ano-genital distance. Physiol Behav. 2008 Feb 27;93(3):588-94. Epub 2007 Oct 30. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18037458 .


49: de Wit JB, van Griensven GJ, Kok G, Sandfort TG. Why do homosexual men relapse into unsafe sex? Predictors of resumption of unprotected anogenital intercourse with casual partners. AIDS. 1993 Aug;7(8):1113-8. PubMed PMID: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8397949 .


50: Huleihel M, Lunenfeld E, Levy A, Potashnik G, Glezerman M. Distinct expression levels of cytokines and soluble cytokine receptors in seminal plasma of fertile and infertile men. Fertil Steril. 1996 Jul;66(1):135-9. PubMed PMID: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8752625 .


51: Vandenbergh JG, Huggett CL. The anogenital distance index, a predictor of the intrauterine position effects on reproduction in female house mice. Lab Anim Sci. 1995 Oct;45(5):567-73. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8569159 .


52: Aynaud O, Piron D, Barrasso R, Poveda JD. Comparison of clinical, histological, and virological symptoms of HPV in HIV-1 infected men and immunocompetent subjects. Sex Transm Infect. 1998 Feb;74(1):32-4. PubMed PMID: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9634298; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1758076 .


53: Gupta I, Dhawan S, Goel GD, Saha K. Low fertility rate in vasovasostomized males and its possible immunologic mechanism. Int J Fertil. 1975;20(3):183-91. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4400 .


54: Huleihel M, Levy A, Lunenfeld E, Horowitz S, Potashnik G, Glezerman M. Distinct expression of cytokines and mitogenic inhibitory factors in semen of fertile and infertile men. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1997 Apr;37(4):304-9. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9161637 .


55: Klouman E, Masenga EJ, Klepp KI, Sam NE, Nkya W, Nkya C. HIV and reproductive tract infections in a total village population in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: women at increased risk. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1997 Feb 1;14(2):163-8. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9052726 .


56: Jarow JP, Kirkland J, Koritnik DR, Cefalu WT. Effect of obesity and fertility status on sex steroid levels in men. Urology. 1993 Aug;42(2):171-4. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 8367923 .


57: Steger K, Wilhelm J, Konrad L, Stalf T, Greb R, Diemer T, Kliesch S, Bergmann M, Weidner W. Both protamine-1 to protamine-2 mRNA ratio and Bcl2 mRNA content in testicular spermatids and ejaculated spermatozoa discriminate between fertile and infertile men. Hum Reprod. 2008 Jan;23(1):11-6. Epub 2007 Nov 13. PubMed PMID: 18003625 .


58: Guzick DS, Overstreet JW, Factor-Litvak P, Brazil CK, Nakajima ST, Coutifaris C, Carson SA, Cisneros P, Steinkampf MP, Hill JA, Xu D, Vogel DL; National Cooperative Reproductive Medicine Network. Sperm morphology, motility, and concentration in fertile and infertile men. N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 8;345(19):1388-93. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11794171 .


59: Warshaw EM, Furda LM, Maibach HI, Rietschel RL, Fowler JF Jr, Belsito DV, Zug KA, DeLeo VA, Marks JG Jr, Mathias CG, Pratt MD, Sasseville D, Storrs FJ, Taylor JS. Anogenital dermatitis in patients referred for patch testing: retrospective analysis of cross-sectional data from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group, 1994-2004. Arch Dermatol. 2008 Jun;144(6):749-55. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18559763 .


60: Soufir JC, Ducot B, Marson J, Jouannet P, Feneux D, Soumah A, Spira A. Levels of seminal free L(-) carnitine in fertile and infertile men. Int J Androl. 1984 Jun;7(3):188-97. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6480140 .


61: Ibeh IN, Uraih N, Ogonar JI. Dietary exposure to aflatoxin in human male infertility in Benin City, Nigeria. Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud. 1994 Jul-Aug;39(4):208-14. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7951403 .


62: Abyholm T. An andrological study of 51 fertile men. Int J Androl. 1981 Dec;4(6):646-56. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6797956 .


63: Ema M, Fujii S, Furukawa M, Kiguchi M, Ikka T, Harazono A. Rat two-generation reproductive toxicity study of bisphenol A. Reprod Toxicol. 2001 Sep-Oct;15(5):505-23. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11780958 .


64: Nagao RR, Plymate SR, Berger RE, Perin EB, Paulsen CA. Comparison of gonadal function between fertile and infertile men with varicoceles. Fertil Steril. 1986 Nov;46(5):930-3. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3096787 .


65: Arbuckle TE, Hauser R, Swan SH, Mao CS, Longnecker MP, Main KM, Whyatt RM, Mendola P, Legrand M, Rovet J, Till C, Wade M, Jarrell J, Matthews S, Van Vliet G, Bornehag CG, Mieusset R. Meeting report: measuring endocrine-sensitive endpoints within the first years of life. Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Jul;116(7):948-51. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18629319; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2453165 .


66: Stanwell-Smith R, Thompson SG, Haines AP, Ward RJ, Cashmore G, Stedronska J, Hendry WF. A comparative study of zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead levels in fertile and infertile men. Fertil Steril. 1983 Nov;40(5):670-7. PubMed PMID: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6628713 .


67: Ryan BC, Hotchkiss AK, Crofton KM, Gray LE Jr. In utero and lactational exposure to bisphenol A, in contrast to ethinyl estradiol, does not alter sexually dimorphic behavior, puberty, fertility, and anatomy of female LE rats. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Mar;114(1):133-48. Epub 2009 Oct 28. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19864446 .


68: Wise LD, Vetter CM, Anderson CA, Antonello JM, Clark RL. Reversible effects of triamcinolone and lack of effects with aspirin or L-656,224 on external genitalia of male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed in utero. Teratology. 1991 Nov;44(5):507-20. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1771593 .


69: Ryder N, Jin F, McNulty AM, Grulich AE, Donovan B. Increasing role of herpes simplex virus type 1 in first-episode anogenital herpes in heterosexual women and younger men who have sex with men, 1992-2006. Sex Transm Infect. 2009 Oct;85(6):416-9. Epub 2009 Mar 8. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19273479 .


70: McCarthy MM, Besmer HR, Jacobs SC, Keidan GM, Gibbs RB. Influence of maternal grooming, sex and age on Fos immunoreactivity in the preoptic area of neonatal rats: implications for sexual differentiation. Dev Neurosci. 1997;19(6):488-96. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9445086 .


71: Lewis SE, Boyle PM, McKinney KA, Young IS, Thompson W. Total antioxidant capacity of seminal plasma is different in fertile and infertile men. Fertil Steril. 1995 Oct;64(4):868-70. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7672165 .


72: Yu JJ, Xu YM. Ultrastructural defects of acrosome in infertile men. Arch Androl. 2004 Nov-Dec;50(6):405-9. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15669605 .


73: Andersson AM, Petersen JH, J√∏rgensen N, Jensen TK, Skakkebaek NE. Serum inhibin B and follicle-stimulating hormone levels as tools in the evaluation of infertile men: significance of adequate reference values from proven fertile men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jun;89(6):2873-9. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15181071 .


74: Pasqualotto FF, Lucon AM, de Góes PM, Sobreiro BP, Hallak J, Pasqualotto EB, Arap S. Semen profile, testicular volume, and hormonal levels in infertile patients with varicoceles compared with fertile men with and without varicoceles. Fertil Steril. 2005 Jan;83(1):74-7. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15652890 .


75: Kolettis PN, Sharma RK, Pasqualotto FF, Nelson D, Thomas AJ Jr, Agarwal A. Effect of seminal oxidative stress on fertility after vasectomy reversal. Fertil Steril. 1999 Feb;71(2):249-55. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9988393 .


76: Ema M, Miyawaki E, Hirose A, Kamata E. Decreased anogenital distance and increased incidence of undescended testes in fetuses of rats given monobenzyl phthalate, a major metabolite of butyl benzyl phthalate. Reprod Toxicol. 2003 Jul-Aug;17(4):407-12. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12849851 .


77: Kerin TK, Vogler GP, Blizard DA, Stout JT, McClearn GE, Vandenbergh DJ. Anogenital distance measured at weaning is correlated with measures of blood chemistry and behaviors in 450-day-old female mice. Physiol Behav. 2003 Apr;78(4-5):697-702. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12782225 .


78: Mayenco-Aguirre AM, Pérez Cortés AB. Preliminary results of hemizona assay (HZA) as a fertility test for canine spermatozoa. Theriogenology. 1998 Jul 15;50(2):195-204. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10734486 .


79: Graham S, Gandelman R. The expression of ano-genital distance data in the mouse. Physiol Behav. 1986 Jan;36(1):103-4. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3952167 .


80: Zini A, Bielecki R, Phang D, Zenzes MT. Correlations between two markers of sperm DNA integrity, DNA denaturation and DNA fragmentation, in fertile and infertile men. Fertil Steril. 2001 Apr;75(4):674-7. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11287017 .


81: Naz RK, Butler A, Witt BR, Barad D, Menge AC. Levels of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in sera and cervical mucus of fertile and infertile women: implication in infertility. J Reprod Immunol. 1995 Jul;29(2):105-17. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7500318 .


82: Pasqualotto FF, Sundaram A, Sharma RK, Borges E Jr, Pasqualotto EB, Agarwal A. Semen quality and oxidative stress scores in fertile and infertile patients with varicocele. Fertil Steril. 2008 Mar;89(3):602-7. Epub 2007 May 7. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17485092 .


83: Cocuzza M, Athayde KS, Agarwal A, Pagani R, Sikka SC, Lucon AM, Srougi M, Hallak J. Impact of clinical varicocele and testis size on seminal reactive oxygen species levels in a fertile population: a prospective controlled study. Fertil Steril. 2008 Oct;90(4):1103-8. Epub 2007 Nov 26. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18022168 .


84: Kobayashi K, Miyagawa M, Wang RS, Sekiguchi S, Suda M, Honma T. Effects of in utero and lactational exposure to bisphenol A on somatic growth and anogenital distance in F1 rat offspring. Ind Health. 2002 Oct;40(4):375-81. PubMed PMID: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12502241 .


85: Fuse H, Okumura M, Sakamoto M, Kazama T, Katayama T. Acrosome-reacted sperm in infertile and fertile men using the triple-stain technique. Arch Androl. 1993 Jan-Feb;30(1):41-5. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8420504 .


86: Peedicayil J, Deendayal M, Sadasivan G, Shivaji S. Assessment of hyperactivation, acrosome reaction and motility characteristics of spermatozoa from semen of men of proven fertility and unexplained infertility. Andrologia. 1997 Jul-Aug;29(4):209-18. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9263571 .


87: Meseguer M, Garrido N, Martínez-Conejero JA, Simón C, Pellicer A, Remohí J. Relationship between standard semen parameters, calcium, cholesterol contents, and mitochondrial activity in ejaculated spermatozoa from fertile and infertile males. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2004 Dec;21(12):445-51. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15704520 .


88: Badia X, Colombo JA, Lara N, Llorens MA, Olmos L, Sainz de los Terreros M, Varela JA, Vilata JJ. Combination of qualitative and quantitative methods for developing a new Health Related Quality of Life measure for patients with anogenital warts. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2005 Apr 7;3:24. PubMed PMID: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15817127; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1087499 .


89: Ladipo OA. Seminal analysis in fertile and infertile Nigerian men. J Natl Med Assoc. 1980 Aug;72(8):785-9. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7401188; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2552485 .


90: Naz RK, Evans L. Presence and modulation of interleukin-12 in seminal plasma of fertile and infertile men. J Androl. 1998 May-Jun;19(3):302-7. PubMed PMID: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9639047 .


91: Andersson AM, J√∏rgensen N, Frydelund-Larsen L, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Skakkebaek NE. Impaired Leydig cell function in infertile men: a study of 357 idiopathic infertile men and 318 proven fertile controls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jul;89(7):3161-7. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15240588 .


92: Ali JI, Grimes EM. Sperm morphology: unstained and stained smears in fertile and infertile men. Arch Androl. 1989;22(3):191-5. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2474268 .


93: Panidis D, Matalliotakis I, Skiadopoulos S, Rousso D, Koumantakis E, Mamopoulos M. The sperm deformity and multiple anomalies indices: are they reliable in the identification of fertile and infertile semen? Int J Fertil Womens Med. 1998 May-Jun;43(3):159-64. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9692539 .


94: Kubo-Irie M, Matsumiya K, Iwamoto T, Kaneko S, Ishijima S. Morphological abnormalities in the spermatozoa of fertile and infertile men. Mol Reprod Dev. 2005 Jan;70(1):70-81. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15515050 .


95: Law C, Merianos A, Thompson C, Rose B, Cossart Y, Grace J. Manifestations of anogenital HPV infection in the male partners of women with anogenital warts and/or abnormal cervical smears. Int J STD AIDS. 1991 May-Jun;2(3):188-94. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1650588 .


96: El-Domyati MM, Al-Din AB, Barakat MT, El-Fakahany HM, Honig S, Xu J, Sakkas D. The expression and distribution of deoxyribonucleic acid repair and apoptosis markers in testicular germ cells of infertile varicocele patients resembles that of old fertile men. Fertil Steril. 2010 Feb;93(3):795-801. Epub 2008 Dec 4. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19062002 .


97: Kung AW, Ho PC, Wang C. Seminal leucocyte subpopulations and sperm function in fertile and infertile Chinese men. Int J Androl. 1993 Jun;16(3):189-94. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8359933 .


98: Camejo MI. Relation between immunosuppressive PGE(2) and IL-10 to pro-inflammatory IL-6 in seminal plasma of infertile and fertile men. Arch Androl. 2003 Mar-Apr;49(2):111-6. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12623747 .


99: Manavi K, McMillan A, Ogilvie M. Herpes simplex virus type 1 remains the principal cause of initial anogenital herpes in Edinburgh, Scotland. Sex Transm Dis. 2004 May;31(5):322-4. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15107637 .


100: Naz RK, Stanley ER. Enhanced levels of colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) in sera and seminal plasma of antisperm antibody-positive infertile men. Arch Androl. 1995 Jul-Aug;35(1):5-11. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8554432 .


101: Torres-Sanchez L, Zepeda M, Cebrián ME, Belkind-Gerson J, Garcia-Hernandez RM, Belkind-Valdovinos U, López-Carrillo L. Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy alters the anal position in male infants. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 Oct;1140:155-62. PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18991914 .