Embryology - 15 May 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
Equine development (Latin, equus = "horse")
Horse Links: horse | Category:Horse |
Historic Papers: 1897 Critical Period in Horse Development | 1925 Organ of Jacobson | 1945 Cleavage Stages of the Horse Ova |
Animal Development: axolotl | bat | cat | chicken | cow | dog | dolphin | echidna | fly | frog | goat | grasshopper | guinea pig | hamster | horse | kangaroo | koala | lizard | medaka | mouse | opossum | pig | platypus | rabbit | rat | salamander | sea squirt | sea urchin | sheep | worm | zebrafish | life cycles | development timetable | development models | K12 |
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Equine Development | Equine Embryology | Horse Development |
Older papers |
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These papers originally appeared in the Some Recent Findings table, but as that list grew in length have now been shuffled down to this collapsible table.
See also the Discussion Page for other references listed by year and References on this current page.
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Taxon
Equine Development
338 days
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Animal Notes and Table Data Sources
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Genetics
Chromosomes: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
31 | X | 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 X
Genome: Equus caballus
Morula and Blastocyst
The following images are from a historic (1945) article on early horse development.[6]
- Links: Fig. 1 | Fig. 2 | Fig. 3 | Fig. 4 | Fig. 5 | Plate 1 | Fig 6 | Fig 7 | Fig 8 | Fig 9 | Fig 10 | Fig 11 | Plate 2 | Fig 12 | Fig 13 | Fig 14 | Fig 15 | Plate 3
Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages |
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Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding. (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers) |
Plate 1
Plate 2
Plate 3
Genital Development
Gastrointestinal Tract
Prenatal Development of the Digestive System in the Horse.[7]
- 21 days - oral cavity was an empty space, and the liver contained proliferating endodermal cells.
- 25 days - fusiform stomach and the pancreatic bud were present.
- 28 days - small tongue and the esophagus occurred.
- 30 days - primary and secondary palates were developed, the liver contained cords of hepatocytes, and the pancreas was triangular.
- 40 days - crypts had formed in the intestinal loops, cell differentiation was observed in the hepatic parenchyma, and the pancreas was elongated.
- 50 days - Pancreatic acini and islets and intestines were highly convoluted.
- 75 days - Three segments of the pharynx
- 105 days - intestinal villi were wide with round tips; especially, the liver, stomach, and oral cavity showed key steps of anatomical and cellular differentiation.
Neural
Neonatal encephalopathy is the most common neurologic condition affecting newborn foals.[8] This neural abnormality has been compared to perinatal asphyxia syndrome of human infants.
References
- ↑ Agnew ME, Slack J, Stefanovski D, Linton JK & Sertich PL. (2019). Sonographic appearance of the late gestation equine fetal intestine. Theriogenology , 138, 121-126. PMID: 31326658 DOI.
- ↑ Fages A, Hanghøj K, Khan N, Gaunitz C, Seguin-Orlando A, Leonardi M, McCrory Constantz C, Gamba C, Al-Rasheid KAS, Albizuri S, Alfarhan AH, Allentoft M, Alquraishi S, Anthony D, Baimukhanov N, Barrett JH, Bayarsaikhan J, Benecke N, Bernáldez-Sánchez E, Berrocal-Rangel L, Biglari F, Boessenkool S, Boldgiv B, Brem G, Brown D, Burger J, Crubézy E, Daugnora L, Davoudi H, de Barros Damgaard P, de Los Ángeles de Chorro Y de Villa-Ceballos M, Deschler-Erb S, Detry C, Dill N, do Mar Oom M, Dohr A, Ellingvåg S, Erdenebaatar D, Fathi H, Felkel S, Fernández-Rodríguez C, García-Viñas E, Germonpré M, Granado JD, Hallsson JH, Hemmer H, Hofreiter M, Kasparov A, Khasanov M, Khazaeli R, Kosintsev P, Kristiansen K, Kubatbek T, Kuderna L, Kuznetsov P, Laleh H, Leonard JA, Lhuillier J, Liesau von Lettow-Vorbeck C, Logvin A, Lõugas L, Ludwig A, Luis C, Arruda AM, Marques-Bonet T, Matoso Silva R, Merz V, Mijiddorj E, Miller BK, Monchalov O, Mohaseb FA, Morales A, Nieto-Espinet A, Nistelberger H, Onar V, Pálsdóttir AH, Pitulko V, Pitskhelauri K, Pruvost M, Rajic Sikanjic P, Rapan Papeša A, Roslyakova N, Sardari A, Sauer E, Schafberg R, Scheu A, Schibler J, Schlumbaum A, Serrand N, Serres-Armero A, Shapiro B, Sheikhi Seno S, Shevnina I, Shidrang S, Southon J, Star B, Sykes N, Taheri K, Taylor W, Teegen WR, Trbojević Vukičević T, Trixl S, Tumen D, Undrakhbold S, Usmanova E, Vahdati A, Valenzuela-Lamas S, Viegas C, Wallner B, Weinstock J, Zaibert V, Clavel B, Lepetz S, Mashkour M, Helgason A, Stefánsson K, Barrey E, Willerslev E, Outram AK, Librado P & Orlando L. (2019). Tracking Five Millennia of Horse Management with Extensive Ancient Genome Time Series. Cell , 177, 1419-1435.e31. PMID: 31056281 DOI.
- ↑ Smits K, Willems S, Van Steendam K, Van De Velde M, De Lange V, Ververs C, Roels K, Govaere J, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Peelman L, Deforce D & Van Soom A. (2018). Proteins involved in embryo-maternal interaction around the signalling of maternal recognition of pregnancy in the horse. Sci Rep , 8, 5249. PMID: 29588480 DOI.
- ↑ Blanke A, Aupperle H, Seeger J, Kubick C & Schusser GF. (2015). Histological study of the external, middle and inner ear of horses. Anat Histol Embryol , 44, 401-9. PMID: 25283481 DOI.
- ↑ Wang X, Miller DC, Clark AG & Antczak DF. (2012). Random X inactivation in the mule and horse placenta. Genome Res. , 22, 1855-63. PMID: 22645258 DOI.
- ↑ Hamilton WJ. Cleavage Stages of the Ova of the Horse, with Notes on Ovulation. J Anat. 1945 Jul; 79(Pt 3): 127–130.3.
- ↑ <pubmed>24778084</pubmed>
- ↑ Tennent-Brown BS, Morrice AV & Reed S. (2015). The Equine Neonatal Central Nervous System: Development and Diseases. Vet. Clin. North Am. Equine Pract. , 31, 587-600. PMID: 26612749 DOI.
Reviews
Miraglia N, Salimei E & Fantuz F. (2020). Equine Milk Production and Valorization of Marginal Areas-A Review. Animals (Basel) , 10, . PMID: 32098374 DOI.
Fowden AL, Giussani DA & Forhead AJ. (2020). Physiological development of the equine fetus during late gestation. Equine Vet. J. , 52, 165-173. PMID: 31721295 DOI.
Roser JF & Meyers-Brown G. (2019). Enhancing Fertility in Mares: Recombinant Equine Gonadotropins. J. Equine Vet. Sci. , 76, 6-13. PMID: 31084750 DOI.
Tennent-Brown BS, Morrice AV & Reed S. (2015). The Equine Neonatal Central Nervous System: Development and Diseases. Vet. Clin. North Am. Equine Pract. , 31, 587-600. PMID: 26612749 DOI.
Perkins GA & Wagner B. (2015). The development of equine immunity: Current knowledge on immunology in the young horse. Equine Vet. J. , 47, 267-74. PMID: 25405920 DOI.
Articles
Rigoglio NN, Smith OE, Matias GSS, Miglino MA & Smith LC. (2019). Development of the central nervous system in equine twin fetuses derived by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. , 31, 941-952. PMID: 30689958 DOI.
Rodrigues MN, Carvalho RC, Franciolli AL, Rodrigues RF, Rigoglio NN, Jacob JC, Gastal EL & Miglino MA. (2014). Prenatal development of the digestive system in the horse. Anat Rec (Hoboken) , 297, 1218-27. PMID: 24778084 DOI.
Wang X, Miller DC, Clark AG & Antczak DF. (2012). Random X inactivation in the mule and horse placenta. Genome Res. , 22, 1855-63. PMID: 22645258 DOI.
Fahiminiya S, Labas V, Roche S, Dacheux JL & Gérard N. (2011). Proteomic analysis of mare follicular fluid during late follicle development. Proteome Sci , 9, 54. PMID: 21923925 DOI.
Klein C & Troedsson MH. (2011). Transcriptional profiling of equine conceptuses reveals new aspects of embryo-maternal communication in the horse. Biol. Reprod. , 84, 872-85. PMID: 21209420 DOI.
Search Pubmed
Search Pubmed: equine development
External Links
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, May 15) Embryology Horse Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Horse_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G