Embryology - Recent changes [en]

BGD Lecture - Endocrine Histology

2012-05-16T22:46:16Z

Adrenal:

BGD Lecture - Sexual Differentiation

2012-05-16T13:24:32Z

Textbooks:

BGDB Face and Ear - Fetal

2012-05-16T13:23:00Z

Hearing:

Hearing - Outer Ear Development

2012-05-16T13:19:34Z

Postnatal Growth:

File:Human embryo head week 6 to 8.jpg

2012-05-16T12:55:50Z

File:Human embryo head week 6 to 8.jpg

2012-05-16T12:53:04Z

uploaded "[[File:Human embryo head week 6 to 8.jpg]]" ==Lateral view of embryos between CS 17 and CS 23 showing craniofacial morphogenesis== Human embryo head week 6 to 8.jpg The dashed line indicates the reference axis (Z-axis) in Method-1 and the red line indicates the reference axis (X-axis) in Method-2

Talk:Hearing - Outer Ear Development

2012-05-16T12:41:29Z

Hearing - Outer Ear Development

2012-05-16T12:39:29Z

External Links:

File:Streeter1922-plate03.jpg

2012-05-16T12:37:54Z

File:Streeter1922-plate02.jpg

2012-05-16T12:36:25Z

File:Streeter1922-06-07.jpg

2012-05-16T12:34:12Z

Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Auricular Cartilage:

Endocrine System Development

2012-05-16T12:25:29Z

Textbooks:

BGD Lecture - Endocrine Histology

2012-05-16T12:23:50Z

File:Pituitary histology 008.jpg

2012-05-16T12:22:02Z

Pituitary Histology - Adenohypophysis Acidophil cells:

File:Adrenal histology 001.jpg

2012-05-16T07:38:46Z

Adrenal Histology - Cortex and Medulla:

File:Image1183.jpg

2012-05-16T07:31:39Z

File:Image1184.jpg

2012-05-16T07:31:26Z

File:Image1184.jpg

2012-05-16T07:25:58Z

uploaded "[[File:Image1184.jpg]]" ==Adrenal (Suprarenal) glands viewed from behind== {{Gray Anatomy}} Category:Endocrine Category:Adrenal Category:Cartoon

File:Image1183.jpg

2012-05-16T07:25:26Z

uploaded "[[File:Image1183.jpg]]" ==Adrenal (Suprarenal) glands viewed from the front== {{Gray Anatomy}} Category:Endocrine Category:Adrenal Category:Cartoon

File:Gray1127.jpg

2012-05-16T07:15:36Z

@@ Line 104: / Line 104: @@
 ** '''pars tuberalis''' -  wraps the infundibulum in a highly vascularized sheath, part of the anterior pituitary.
 * sits within a cavity in the skull base - the "sella turcica" (Turkish saddle), named historically by its similarity in shape.
-* 2 embryonic origins.
+* 2 embryonic origins, larger in females than males after pregnancies.
 * (phil= likes, phob = hates)
@@ Line 113: / Line 113: @@
 ** inferior hypophyseal artery capillary plexus drains into the dural sinus.
 ** neural stalk some capillaries form about 20+ "short" portal veins that drain into the anterior pituitary gland.
 * hypophyseal vein then drains into systemic venous blood.
@@ Line 119: / Line 120: @@
 ==Pituitary - Neurohypophysis==
 * posterior pituitary
-* cells are pituicytes and also present are hypothalamic neurosecretory cell unmyelinated nerve fibres (from the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei).
+* cells are '''pituicytes''' and also present are hypothalamic neurosecretory cell unmyelinated nerve fibres (from the '''supraoptic''' and '''paraventricular nuclei''').
-* pituicyte oval or round nuclei are visible.
+* pituicyte - oval or round nuclei are visible, branched cytoplasm, associated with fenestrated capillaries (resemble glial cells).
 * '''Herring bodies''' are dilations of nerve fibres filled with small neurosecretory vesicles.
 ** nerve fibres terminate close to capillaries.
 *  hormones are releasing and release-inhibiting factors produced regulating adenohypophysis activity (as well as 2 other 9 aa hormones).
-** Oxytocin - pregnancy stimulates uterine smooth muscle the contraction and lactation milk ejection reflex.
+** '''Oxytocin''' - pregnancy stimulates uterine smooth muscle the contraction and lactation milk ejection reflex.
-** Antidiuretic hormone - (ADH, vasopressin, arginine vasopressin, AVP) acts on kidneys to  concentrate urine (water retention).
+** '''Antidiuretic hormone''' - (ADH, vasopressin, arginine vasopressin, AVP) acts on kidneys to  concentrate urine (water retention).
 {|
 | [[File:Pituitary_histology_003.jpg|300px]]
@@ Line 178: / Line 179: @@
 | [[File:Adrenal_histology_001.jpg|300px|Adrenal cortex and medulla]]
+|
-* adrenal gland, suprarenal gland
+* '''adrenal gland''', '''suprarenal gland'''
 * paired lying above kidneys
-* surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule.
+* surrounded by a connective tissue capsule.
 ** vessels and nerves reach the medulla through connective tissue trabeculae
 * outer '''cortex''' (about 90%) and inner '''medulla''' (about 10%).
 ** each has different embryonic origins.
@@ Line 225: / Line 229: @@
 ** chromaffin cells because granules can be stained with potassium bichromate.
 * innervated by preganglionic sympathetic fibres.
 * 2 indistinguishable cell types, neural crest in origin.

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 |-
 | [[File:Logo.png|80px]]
-| Hill, M.A. (2011) <i>UNSW Embryology</i> (11<sup>th</sup> ed.). Sydney:UNSW.
+| Hill, M.A. (2012) <i>UNSW Embryology</i> (12<sup>th</sup> ed.). Sydney:UNSW.
 * {{Template:Genital Links}} | [[BGDB_Practical_-_Sexual_Differentiation|BGD 2011 Practical]]

@@ Line 79: / Line 79: @@
 * '''Week 9''' - Mesenchyme surrounding membranous labryinth (otic capsule) chondrifies.
 * '''Week 12-16''' - Capsule adjacent to membranous labryinth undegoes vacuolization to form a cavity (perilymphatic space) around membranous labrynth and fills with perilymph.
 * '''Week 16-24''' - Centres of ossification appear in remaining cartilage of otic capsule form petrous portion of temporal bone. Continues to ossify to form mastoid process of temporal bone.
 * '''3rd Trimester''' - Vibration acoustically of maternal abdominal wall induces startle response in fetus.

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 |-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
+|
 * '''Age- and sex-related changes in the normal human ear'''<ref><pubmed>19356871</pubmed></ref> "All ear dimensions were significantly larger in men than in women (p<0.001). A significant effect of age was found (p<0.001), with larger values in older individuals. The ear width-to-length ratio and the sagittal angle of the auricle significantly decreased as a function of age (p<0.001) but without sex-related differences. On average, the three-dimensional position of ears was symmetric, with symmetry coefficients ranging between 92% and 96%. Asymmetry was found in the sagittal angle of the auricle (both sexes), in the ear width-to-length ratio and ear width (men only)."
 |}
@@ Line 29: / Line 30: @@
 * develops from six aural hillocks: 3 on first pharyngeal arch and 3 on the second pharyngeal arch.
 * originally on neck, moves cranially during mandible development
 ===Pharyngeal Contributions===
@@ Line 112: / Line 117: @@
 File:Streeter1922-plate05.jpg|Month 4 - Fetus
 File:Streeter1922-plate06.jpg|Month 5 - Fetus
 </gallery>
@@ Line 151: / Line 157: @@
 |  78 (4.8)
 |}
 ==Molecular==
@@ Line 218: / Line 229: @@
 ===Reviews===
 <pubmed>17104502</pubmed>
 ===Articles===
 ===Search PubMed===
@@ Line 226: / Line 241: @@
 May 2010 "Outer Ear Development" All (1478) Review (120) Free Full Text (215)
-'''Search Pubmed:''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Outer%20Ear%20Development Outer Ear Development] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=pinna%20Development Pinna Development]
+'''Search Pubmed:''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Outer+Ear+Development Outer Ear Development] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=pinna+Development Pinna Development]
 ==External Links==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-==Lateral view of embryos between CS 17 and CS 23 showing craniofacial morphogenesis==
+==Lateral view of Embryos between Week 6 to 8 (Carnegie Stage 17 to 23) showing Craniofacial Morphogenesis==
-−
-Human embryo head week 6 to 8.jpg
 The dashed line indicates the reference axis (Z-axis) in Method-1 and the red line indicates the reference axis (X-axis) in Method-2.
@@ Line 20: / Line 18: @@
 Original file name: Figure 7. 1746-160X-8-2-7.jpg

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Talk Page}}
 [[File:Hearing_cartoon.jpg|right|400px]]
 ==2011==

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:39, 16 May 2012
Line 229:		Line 229:

	==External Links==		==External Links==
		+	{{External Links}}

	* Neuroscience [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=neurosci.section.891 Neuroscience - The External Ear]		* Neuroscience [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=neurosci.section.891 Neuroscience - The External Ear]

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 No. 1584, 18 mm. long. X 24.
-No. 1134&, 21.3 mm. long. X 24.
+No. 1134, 21.3 mm. long. X 24.
 No 135S6, 33.2 mm. long. X 24.
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Hearing]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:36, 16 May 2012
Line 15:		Line 15:

	[[Category:Human]] [[Category:Hearing]]		[[Category:Human]] [[Category:Hearing]]
		+
		+
		+	[[Category:Carnegie Embryo 1380]] [[Category:Carnegie Embryo 562]] [[Category:Carnegie Embryo 1767]]
		+	[[Category:Carnegie Embryo 1232]] [[Category:Carnegie Embryo 1461]] [[Category:Carnegie Embryo 475]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Auricular Cartilage==
-Fig. 6. Lateral views of left auricular cartilage, taken from reconstructions of human embryos of the Carnegie Collection: No. 460 (21 mm.), No. 417 (32 mm.), No. 88G (43 mm.). X14.
+'''Fig. 6.''' Lateral views of left auricular cartilage, taken from reconstructions of human embryos of the Carnegie Collection: No. 460 (21 mm.), No. 417 (32 mm.), No. 886 (43 mm.). X14.
 Fig. 7. Reconstruction of left auricular cartilage of a 50 mm. fetus (No. 84, Carnegie Collection). X 14. A model of the external form of the auricle was made, in conjunction with the cartilage, to give the topographical relations. The edge of the helix in contact with the ectoderm is indicated by cross-lines. Compare with figures 35 and 38.
 {{Streeter1922}}
@@ Line 10: / Line 11: @@
 {{Template:Historic Disclaimer}}
 [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Hearing]]

@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 * '''Human Embryology '''(3rd ed.) Larson Chapter  9 Gastrointestinal, Chapter 10 Gonad, Kidney Chapter 12 Head
 * '''The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology '''(6th ed.) Moore and Persaud Chapters 10: p230-233; Ch12: p280-282; Ch13: p319-347
-* '''Lectures''' -  [[2010_Lecture_19|2010]] | [[2009_Lecture_20|2009]] | [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Science/ANAT2341lecture21.htm 2008] | [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Medicine/BGDlectureEndocrine.htm Medicine Lecture - Endocrine Development]
+* '''Lectures''' -  [[Lecture - Endocrine Development]] | [[2010_Lecture_19|2010]] | [[2009_Lecture_20|2009]] |
-* {{Template:Endocrine Links}} | [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/endocrine.htm original Endocrine page]
+* [[Media:The_Endocrine_System_-_An_Overview.pdf|The Endocrine System - An Overview (PDF)]]
 ==Objectives==

← Older revision	Revision as of 12:23, 16 May 2012
(One intermediate revision by one user not shown)

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
-Pituitary, sheep - H&E
+Pituitary, sheep
-−
-Acidophils are dark pink and basophils look light pink/blue.

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:38, 16 May 2012
(2 intermediate revisions by one user not shown)
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	==Adrenal Histology - Cortex and Medulla==		==Adrenal Histology - Cortex and Medulla==
		+	'''Capsule''' - a fibrous capsule.
		+	* surface of the gland is surrounded by fat tissue.
		+	* vessels enter the organ through the furrows on its anterior surface and base.
		+	* arteries from the aorta,inferior phrenic, and the renal
		+	* arteries are numerous and relatively large size, subdivide into branches entering the cortical part of the gland
		+	* break up into capillaries ending in the venous plexus of the medullary portion.

	'''Adrenal Cortex''' - divided into three zones (Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) required for zones 2 and 3)		'''Adrenal Cortex''' - divided into three zones (Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) required for zones 2 and 3)

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:31, 16 May 2012
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	==Adrenal (Suprarenal) glands viewed from the front==		==Adrenal (Suprarenal) glands viewed from the front==

		+	Relations.—The relations of the suprarenal glands differ on the two sides of the body.

		+	The right suprarenal is situated behind the inferior vena cava and right lobe of the liver, and in front of the diaphragm and upper end of the right kidney. It is roughly triangular in shape; its base, directed downward, is in contact with the medial and anterior aspects of the upper end of the right kidney. It presents two surfaces for examination, an anterior and a posterior. The anterior surface looks forward and lateralward, and has two areas: a medial, narrow, and non-peritoneal, which lies behind the inferior vena cava; and a lateral, somewhat triangular, in contact with the liver. The upper part of the latter surface is devoid of peritoneum, and is in relation with the bare area of the liver near its lower and medial angle, while its inferior portion is covered by peritoneum, reflected onto it from the inferior layer of the coronary ligament; occasionally the duodenum overlaps the inferior portion. A little below the apex, and near the anterior border of the gland, is a short furrow termed the hilum, from which the suprarenal vein emerges to join the inferior vena cava. The posterior surface is divided into upper and lower parts by a curved ridge: the upper, slightly convex, rests upon the diaphragm; the lower, concave, is in contact with the upper end and the adjacent part of the anterior surface of the kidney.
		+
		+
		+	The left suprarenal, slightly larger than the right, is crescentic in shape, its concavity being adapted to the medial border of the upper part of the left kidney. It presents a medial border, which is convex, and a lateral, which is concave; its upper end is narrow, and its lower rounded. Its anterior surface has two areas: an upper one, covered by the peritoneum of the omental bursa, which separates it from the cardiac end of the stomach, and sometimes from the superior extremity of the spleen; and a lower one, which is in contact with the pancreas and lienal artery, and is therefore not covered by the peritoneum. On the anterior surface, near its lower end, is a furrow or hilum, directed downward and forward, from which the suprarenal vein emerges. Its posterior surface presents a vertical ridge, which divides it into two areas; the lateral area rests on the kidney, the medial and smaller on the left crus of the diaphragm.

	{{Gray Anatomy}}		{{Gray Anatomy}}

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
-===Suprarenal Gland==
+===Suprarenal Gland===
 Each suprarenal (adrenal) gland consists of a cortical portion derived from the celomic epithelium and a medullary portion originally composed of sympatho-chromaffin tissue. The cortical portion is first recognizable about the beginning of the fourth week as a series of buds from the celomic cells at the root of the mesentery. Later it becomes completely separated from the celomic epithelium and forms a suprarenal ridge projecting into the celom between the mesonephros and the root of the mesentery. Into this cortical portion cells from the neighboring masses of sympatho-chromaffin tissue migrate along the line of its central vein to reach and form the medullary portion of the gland.
@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
-{{Historic Disclaimer}}
+{{Gray Anatomy}}
 [[Category:Renal]] [[Category:Endocrine]] [[Category:Cartoon]]