Gastrointestinal Tract - Liver Histology

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Introduction

Portal Triad
Liver cellular structure cartoon

This section of notes gives an overview mainly of adult liver histology, see also Liver Development notes.

HMsmall.jpg Page also provides further background information for Medicine phase 1 Health Maintenance B Hepatobiliary System 1 Practical.

This page content is not part of the HMB practical class.


HMB: Pancreas Histology | Liver Histology | Gall Bladder Histology | Renal System Histology
GIT Links: Introduction | Medicine Lecture | Science Lecture | endoderm | mouth | oesophagus | stomach | liver | gallbladder | Pancreas | intestine | mesentery | tongue | taste | enteric nervous system | Stage 13 | Stage 22 | gastrointestinal abnormalities | Movies | Postnatal | milk | tooth | salivary gland | BGD Lecture | BGD Practical | GIT Terms | Category:Gastrointestinal Tract
GIT Histology Links: Upper GIT | Salivary Gland | Smooth Muscle Histology | Liver | Gallbladder | Pancreas | Colon | Histology Stains | Histology | GIT Development
Historic Embryology - Gastrointestinal Tract  
1878 Alimentary Canal | 1882 The Organs of the Inner Germ-Layer The Alimentary Tube with its Appended Organs | 1884 Great omentum and transverse mesocolon | 1902 Meckel's diverticulum | 1902 The Organs of Digestion | 1903 Submaxillary Gland | 1906 Liver | 1907 Development of the Digestive System | 1907 Atlas | 1907 23 Somite Embryo | 1908 Liver | 1908 Liver and Vascular | 1910 Mucous membrane Oesophagus to Small Intestine | 1910 Large intestine and Vermiform process | 1911-13 Intestine and Peritoneum - Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 5 | Part 6 | 1912 Digestive Tract | 1912 Stomach | 1914 Digestive Tract | 1914 Intestines | 1914 Rectum | 1915 Pharynx | 1915 Intestinal Rotation | 1917 Entodermal Canal | 1918 Anatomy | 1921 Alimentary Tube | 1932 Gall Bladder | 1939 Alimentary Canal Looping | 1940 Duodenum anomalies | 2008 Liver | 2016 GIT Notes | Historic Disclaimer
Human Embryo: 1908 13-14 Somite Embryo | 1921 Liver Suspensory Ligament | 1926 22 Somite Embryo | 1907 23 Somite Embryo | 1937 25 Somite Embryo | 1914 27 Somite Embryo | 1914 Week 7 Embryo
Animal Development: 1913 Chicken | 1951 Frog

Virtual Slides

Hepatobiliary System 1 (requires Moodle log-in)


Lab Audio

Podcast icon.jpg Wednesday 17 August 2011 3-4 pm G2G4.

Links: listen 1 | download 1 | listen 2 | download 2 | listen 3 | download 3 | listen 4 | download 4 | listen 5 | download 5 | Liver Histology Background

Images

Liver Histology: Central vein (label) | Central vein (unlabel) | Portal triad 1 (label) | Portal triad 2 (label) | Portal triad (unlabel) | Hepatocytes (unlabel) | Hepatocytes polyploid (label) | Liver - reticular connective tissue (LP) | Liver - reticular connective tissue (HP) | Liver - fetal (HP) | Liver - fetal (HP) | Liver Development | GIT Histology

Liver Structure

Liver Lobule

This looped animation shows the different ways of interpreting the cellular structure of the liver lobule. Liver animated cartoon.gif

Liver Blood Flow

Dual blood supply of the liver merges upon entry into the liver lobule at the portal field.
  1. branches of the portal vein
  2. branches of the hepatic artery
Liver structure cartoon.jpg

Hepatocytes

These are the adult functional cells forming the majority of the liver (80% of the cells).

Many different functions including:

  • Storage of substances including glucose (as glycogen), vitamin A (possibly in specialized adipocytes), vitamin B12, folic acid and iron.
  • Lipid Turnover synthesis of plasmalipoproteins
  • Plasma Protein Synthesis albumin, alpha and beta globulins, prothrombin, fibrinogen
  • Metabolism fat soluble compounds (drugs, insecticides), steroid hormones turnover
  • Secretion bile (about 1 litre/day)
Adult Liver sinusoid structure

Histology Images

Development Histology

Adult Histology

Liver Histology: Central vein (label) | Central vein (unlabel) | Portal triad 1 (label) | Portal triad 2 (label) | Portal triad (unlabel) | Hepatocytes (unlabel) | Hepatocytes polyploid (label) | Liver - reticular connective tissue (LP) | Liver - reticular connective tissue (HP) | Liver - fetal (HP) | Liver - fetal (HP) | Liver Development | GIT Histology
Liver histology 001.jpg Liver histology 004.jpg
Liver histology 002.jpg Liver histology 003.jpg

Liver histology 005.jpg

Unlabeled Large Images

Kupffer Cells and Reticular Fibres

Liver- Kupffer cell and reticular fibre.jpg

Hepatocyte Polyploidy

Liver histology 004.jpg

Human hepatocytes

Liver polyploidy 01.jpg

Mouse hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo[1]

Liver Histology - Super Resolution

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cell fenestrations.jpg

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cell fenestrations[2]

Liver Histology - Electron Micrograph

The electron micrographs below show the cellular, vascular and bilary organisation of the liver.

Liver histology EM01.jpg Liver histology EM02.jpg

References

  1. Duncan AW, Taylor MH, Hickey RD, Hanlon Newell AE, Lenzi ML, Olson SB, Finegold MJ & Grompe M. (2010). The ploidy conveyor of mature hepatocytes as a source of genetic variation. Nature , 467, 707-10. PMID: 20861837 DOI.
  2. Mönkemöller V, Øie C, Hübner W, Huser T & McCourt P. (2015). Multimodal super-resolution optical microscopy visualizes the close connection between membrane and the cytoskeleton in liver sinusoidal endothelial cell fenestrations. Sci Rep , 5, 16279. PMID: 26549018 DOI.


Terms

  • Glisson's capsule (Glisson's sheath) - a collagenous capsule covering the external surface of the liver the outer layer comprising a single layer of mesothelial cells. The capsule also extends into the liver as "sheaths" around the hepatic ducts, hepatic arteries and portal tributaries. Named after Francis Glisson (1599 – 1677) a British anatomist.
  • Kupffer cells - liver macrophage located in sinusoidal space. Named after Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer (1829 - 1902 ) a German anatomist.
  • sinusoids (vascular sinusoids, liver sinusoids) - the spaces between the hepatocytes that are distensible vascular channels lined with fenestrated endothelial cells forming a discontinuous simple squamous epithelium.
  • stellate cells (Ito cells) - Named after Toshio Ito, a twentieth century Japanese physician PMID 11450594

External Links

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 19) Embryology Gastrointestinal Tract - Liver Histology. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Gastrointestinal_Tract_-_Liver_Histology

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G