Abnormal Development - Unknown
Embryology - 28 Apr 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
How and why do things go wrong in development?
These unknown causes may be caused by either or genetic or environmental, but we do not understand the mechanism. This forms a very large group of abnormalities that we as yet do not yet know how they occur, the relevance paradox.
There are many different ways that developmental abnormalities can occur the 3 major types are Genetic (inherited), Environmental (maternal) and Unknown (not determined) derived abnormalities. There are many developmental abnormalities today through determined research and clinical observation, that are known to be genetic or environmental that in the past would have been described as "unknown". Note that genetic and environmental effects can also interact and it is this and the group now classified as "unknown causes" that require further research to place them in one of the two other real categories.
The environmental factors that cause or lead to any of these abnormalities are described as teratogens, and as the world develops many new chemicals and drugs even with testing it is difficult to easily identify the likelihood that they may represent a teratogen.
Some Recent Findings
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More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Congenital Abnormality <pubmed limit=5>Congenital Abnormality</pubmed> |
Prenatal Diagnosis
Prenatal diagnosis are the clinical tools used to determine both normal and abnormal development. There are a growing number of new diagnostic techniques that are being applied to human embryonic development. Tests that occur after birth are described in Neonatal Diagnosis.
Diagnosis Links: Prenatal Diagnosis | pregnancy test | amniocentesis | chorionic villus sampling | ultrasound | Alpha-Fetoprotein | Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A | Fetal Blood Sampling | Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Computed Tomography | Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing | Fetal Cells in Maternal Blood | Preimplantation Genetic Screening | Comparative Genomic Hybridization | Genome Sequencing | Neonatal Diagnosis | Category:Prenatal Diagnosis | Fetal Surgery | Classification of Diseases | Category:Neonatal Diagnosis |
| 2015 BGD Tutorial - Applied Embryology and Teratology
Statistics
Australia - Top 10
Congenital Anomalies in Australia 2002-2003 |
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Congenital anomalies in Australia 2002-2003[2] was published in 2008 as part a new revised series on 33 selected congenital anomalies also monitored internationally by the International Clearinghouse of Birth Defects Surveillance and Research.
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The ten most frequently reported birth defects in Victoria between 2003-2004.
- Hypospadias
- Obstructive Defects of the Renal Pelvis or Obstructive Genitourinary Defects
- Ventricular Septal Defect
- Congenital Dislocated Hip
- Trisomy 21 or Down syndrome
- Hydrocephalus
- Cleft Palate
- Trisomy 18 or Edward Syndrome - multiple abnormalities of the heart, diaphragm, lungs, kidneys, ureters and palate 86% discontinued.
- Renal Agenesis/Dysgenesis - reduction in neonatal death and stillbirth since 1993 may be due to the more severe cases being identified in utero and being represented amongst the increased proportion of terminations (approximately 31%).
- Cleft Lip and Palate - occur with another defect in 33.7% of cases.
- Links: ACAMS | Australian Statistics
USA - Selected
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- Links: USA Monitoring Programmes | USA Statistics
References
- ↑ <pubmed></pubmed>
- ↑ Abeywardana S & Sullivan EA 2008. Congenital anomalies in Australia 2002–2003. Birth anomalies series no. 3 Cat. no. PER 41. Sydney: AIHW National Perinatal Statistics Unit.
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 28) Embryology Abnormal Development - Unknown. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Abnormal_Development_-_Unknown
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G